Overview and scope
Empagliflozin is an oral prescription medicine in the sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor class. In Australia it is used mainly to help lower blood glucose in adults and older children with type 2 diabetes and to reduce some cardiovascular and heart failure risks. This page explains how it is taken, common strengths, safety information disclosure, other routes, price evidence of in Australian dollars, along with the regulatory context for obtaining the medicine.
The key takeaways are at a quick glance
- Drug's active ingredient: empagliflozin
- Principal purposes: type 2 diabetes management; lowering cardiovascular death risk in patients with established heart disease; reducing hospitalisation or death due to heart failure
- Typical tablet strengths in Australia: 10 mg and 25 mg
- Not suitable for type 1 diabetes treatment
If you need a quick jump, use these links: dosing, indirect effects, other routes, or cost structure.
Typical uses and markers
Empagliflozin works by helping the kidneys remove glucose from the blood into the urine, which reduces blood sugar levels. In clinical practice in Australia it may be prescribed for the following situations:
- As an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycaemic control in adults and children aged 10 years and older with type 2 diabetes
- To reduce the risk of cardiovascular death in adults with type 2 diabetes who have established cardiovascular disease
- To decrease the risk of death or hospitalisation from heart failure in adults with reduced cardiac function
The medicine is not approved for type 1 diabetes. If you are planning pregnancy, are pregnant or breastfeeding, consult your clinician; see also careful precautions to ensure safety and contramanifestations.
Dosing protocol and directions
Follow the instructions on your prescription label together with the directions given by your prescriber. Clinicians adjust doses based on response and kidney function. Below are general points; do not alter your regimen without medical advice.
- How to take notes efficiently: usually once daily in the morning, with or without food. Try to take it at the same time each day for consistency.
- Supervisory monitoring: regular blood glucose watchful oversight is recommended. Your clinician may request kidney function tests and advise ketone testing if you feel unwell or have high glucose levels.
- Hydration: this medicine increases urine output, so maintain adequate fluid intake unless told otherwise by your doctor.
If your prescriber changes your dose, adopt the new schedule exactly as instructed. For information on skipped doses see advice on skipping a dose.
Safety oriented hazard controls before starting
Tell your clinician about any current or past medical issues, especially the items below, before you begin empagliflozin:
- Frequent urinary tract or bladder infections
- Recurrent genital yeast infections
- Pancreatic disease or history of pancreatic surgery
- Heavy or problematic alcohol use
- Recent major changes in diet, reduced food intake, or a very low salt diet
- Liver disease or reduced kidney function
- Age 65 years or older, which may raise the risk of dehydration or falls
Pregnant women require careful glucose management. If you become pregnant while taking empagliflozin, contact your healthcare provider promptly to discuss integrative medicine approaches. To minimise dizziness from low blood pressure, stand up slowly from sitting or lying positions and minimise excessive alcohol intake.
Treatments contraindicated under these conditions
Do not use empagliflozin if any of the following apply to you:
- Known allergy or hypersensitivity to empagliflozin or any component of the tablet
- Severe renal insufficiency or dialysis patients
- Use during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy
Breastfeeding is not recommended while taking this medicine. If these reasons a drug should not be prescribed affect you, ask your prescriber about extra treatments.
Possible drug knock-on effects
Seek emergency attention for signs of a severe allergic reaction such as hives, breathing difficulty, or swelling of the face, lips, tongue or throat.
Serious damaging effects that need urgent care
- Severe genital infection with rapid worsening: burning, itching, unusual discharge, pain, redness, swelling, fever or a general feeling of being unwell
- Low blood glucose: symptoms include pressure in my head, hunger, sweating, tremor, dizziness, rapid heart rate, confusion or irritability
- Dehydration: intense thirst, reduced urine output, dizziness, or confusion
- Ketoacidosis: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, extreme tiredness, difficulty breathing or confusion; note that ketoacidosis can occur with only mildly elevated glucose
- Possible bladder infection signs: painful urination, blood in urine, pelvic or flank pain
Common but less severe effects
- Urinary tract infections
- Genital yeast infections, for example vaginal itching or discharge in women
If temporary side effects are persistent or worrying, contact your healthcare professional for assessment and advice. Review steps to maintain safety to help reduce risk.
Drug the interaction between participants guidance
Always inform your doctor and pharmacist about all medicines you are taking, including over-the-counter products and supplements. Prominent encounters include:
- Insulin or insulin secretagogues such as sulfonylureas, which can increase the risk of hypoglycaemia and may require dose reduction
- Diuretics, which can increase the likelihood of dehydration and low blood pressure
Your prescriber may recommend additional vigilant monitoring or dose adjustments when these medicines are combined with empagliflozin.
Managing a the dose was missed: guidance
If you miss your dose, take it as soon as you recall, unless the next scheduled dose is near. If it is almost time for the next dose, skip the i missed one dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not take two pills at once to replace a i missed one dose.
Interventions for they overdosed
If someone may have taken too much empagliflozin and is unwell, for example fainting or having difficulty breathing, call emergency services immediately. In Australia you can also contact the Poisons Information Centre on 13 11 26 for specialist advice.
Proper recommendations for optimized storage layouts improve overall efficiency.
- Store at room temperature away from direct heat and moisture
- Keep the medicine out of reach of children and pets
- Do not use the product after the expiry date printed on the pack
Choice multiple options and related medications
Empagliflozin belongs to the class of SGLT2 inhibitors. Depending on individual needs, kidney function and cardiovascular risk, your clinician may recommend other medicines including:
Other medicines that inhibit SGLT2
- Dapagliflozin (Forxiga) which is used for type 2 diabetes and heart failure
- Ertugliflozin (Steglatro) indicated for type 2 diabetes
Different the means by which it works classes
- Metformin, commonly the first-line oral agent for type 2 diabetes
- GLP-1 receptor agonists such as semaglutide or dulaglutide, which can help control glucose and reduce weight
- DPP-4 inhibitors like sitagliptin or linagliptin
- Sulfonylureas such as gliclazide or glipizide
- Insulin formulations used for basal or meal-time glucose control
Choice of therapy is individualised. Considerations include cardiovascular benefits, kidney function, risk of hypoglycaemia, weight effects and cost. Discuss options with your healthcare provider.
You can compare other course options by visiting sections on fee schedule and rules for access.
Rough cost trends in Australia (AUD)
Retail prices vary with brand, pack size, pharmacy and whether you are eligible for a subsidy. The ranges below are approximate for a 30 day supply and are indicative only:
- Private purchase with no subsidy: roughly AUD 80 to 130 per month depending on brand
- Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme general co-payment: around AUD 31 per script (subject to change)
- Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme concession co-payment: around AUD 7 to 8 per script
For comparison, other SGLT2 inhibitors such as dapagliflozin may have similar private prices, while some older oral agents like metformin are typically much cheaper. PBS listing and patient eligibility strongly influence out of pocket costs. Check with your local pharmacist for up to date dynamic pricing and whether a PBS subsidy applies.
Legal rights and information access in Australia
- Scheduling: empagliflozin is classified as a Schedule 4 Prescription Only Medicine in Australia
- Prescription: a current prescription from an Australian-registered prescriber is required to obtain the medicine from a pharmacy
- TGA regulation: products containing empagliflozin must be approved by the Therapeutic Goods Administration for marketing in Australia
- PBS access: subsidised supply under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme is possible for approved tips when the patient meets criteria
- Use in children: may be prescribed for patients aged 10 years and older for type 2 diabetes in accordance with product information and clinical judgement
- Driving and safety: empagliflozin alone has a low direct risk of hypoglycaemia, but risk increases if used with insulin or sulfonylureas; follow medical advice regarding driving and hazardous tasks
- Importation: personal importation of prescription medicines is restricted; ensure compliance with TGA requirements and Australian Border Force rules before importing
Always obtain and use this medicine under the supervision of an appropriate health professional and in line with Australian law and regulatory clear guidance.
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